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Ферритин — понятие, причины появления и методы лечения Автор beautifulandhappy На чтение 6 мин Просмотров 1.3к. Обновлено 31 марта, 2021
Что такое ферритин Ферритин – глобулярный водорастворимый белковый комплекс, оболочка которого состоит из 24 соединений. По факту он является внутриклеточным складом для железа, отвечающим за его длительную сохранность. Составляющие элементы ферритина распределены по всему организму, они являются атомом железа в клетках. Одной такой молекуле подвластно связать меж собой более 4500 атомов железа, потому именно он считается основным накопителем этого жизненно необходимого материала в организме. Главное «рабочее место» данного белка находится в печени. Биологическим материалом для исследования ферритина служит сыворотка крови, поэтому ферритин по аналогии с железом тоже называют сывороточным. Анализ сдают натощак, в сухую новую пробирку.
Белковый комплекс имеет 2 метода происхождения:
Анаболический. Образовывается из железа, которое всасывается в кишечнике. Катаболический. Формируется из железа гемолизированных эритроцитов. Наибольшее скопление ферритина находится в:
клетках головного мозга; печени; селезенке; мышцах; кровяной плазме. Проверить норму ферритового белка можно с помощью анализа сыворотки крови, он покажет точную концентрацию этого элемента.
Биологическая значимость Человек не может быть здоровым, если имеет острую нехватку железа. Когда человек употребляет продукты содержащие железо, организм распределяет его следующим образом:
на гемоглобин – около 60%; для ферритина – около 10%. Ферритин находится во всех тканях организма, он является резервом железа, который используется для дополнительных потребностей человека. Молекула этого белка напоминает орех, скорлупа которой – это апоферритин, а внутренний состав – коллоидный гидроксид железа, то есть атомы. Одна такая молекула содержит более 27% железа от всей своей массы.
Для человеческого внутреннего организма ферритин выполняет следующие функции:
Дает легкодоступное нетоксичное сырье для синтеза гемоглобина. Выполняет ферроксидазную функцию, то есть переносит электрон восстановленного железа Fe2+ на кислород, получая окисленное железо Fe3+ . Эта же реакция дает рождение радикалов, восстанавливающих кислород. Переносит кислород тканям. Является показателем содержания общего и резервного железа. Транспортирует железо по остальным органам и тканям, организовывая им запас данного элемента. Например, забрав железо, которое всосалось в кишечник, молекула несет его на хранение печени или костному мозгу, чтоб поддержать его работу. Ферритин синтезируется клетками следующих тканей:
печени; костного мозга; сердечной мышцы; селезенки; щитовидной и поджелудочной железы; тонкого кишечника; почек; легких; лейкоцитов; плаценты. Бывает такое, что у организма происходит перегрузка железа, которое называется гемохроматоз или гемосидероз. А при дефиците этого элемента случается супрессия синтеза.
Норма ферритина для женщин Каждому возрасту и полу есть соответствующие показатели нормы ферритина.
Так для здоровых женщин они составляют следующие цифры:
Для женщин фертильного (детородного) возраста, от 15 до 40 лет –10-90 мкг/мл. Для взрослой дамы – 10-150 мкг/мл. Для женщин переживших менопаузу, после 45-50 лет –20-350 мкг/мл. VIDEO
У беременной женщины показатели нормы отличаются, показывая тенденцию к снижению:
1 триместр беременности –56-90 мкг/мл. 2 триместр – 25-75 мкг/мл. 3 триместр – 10-15 мкг/мл. Анализируя цифры, становится понятно, что чем старше женщина, тем большее количество ферритина в ее организме.
Причины повышенного уровня ферритина и его лечение Недостаток чего-либо также вреден, как и его переизбыток. Если показатели ферритина в сыворотке крови повышены, это может говорить о следующих возможных заболеваниях:
Гемохроматозе – при избыточном содержании железа. Показатель больше 500 мкг/мл. Острых/хронических патологиях связанных с печенью. Проблеме алкоголизма, поражающей туже печень. Раке молочных желез. Различных воспалительных процессах организма – артрите, остеомиелите, легочных инфекциях и других. Гемолитической анемии. Остром миелобластном и лимфобластном лейкозе. Связанных с онкологией. Бывает, что большая концентрация белка появляется у голодающих особей либо у тех, кто принимал оральные контрацептивы.
Если анализы крови показали повышенный уровень ферритина, то это важный звоночек, говорящий о зарождении большой проблемы со здоровьем, с непредсказуемым исходом. Поэтому для установления диагноза важно провести полную лечебную диагностику. Только лечащий врач может выписать направления на необходимые исследования, а также назначать лечение после получения всех результатов. Нельзя заниматься самолечением!
Причины пониженного уровня ферритина и его лечение Уровень белка идет на снижение при наличии следующих болезней:
Целиакии. Железодефицитной анемии. Внутрисосудистом гемолизе. Анемия развивается на протяжении 3 стадий, первые две из которых остаются для человека практически незаметными, узнать их можно разве что по легкой усталости и общей слабости.
Вот как они протекают:
Снижение запасов железа, причиной которого может быть повышение его всасывания. Первоначально его запасы теряются в складах печени и костного мозга. Если на этой стадии сделать анализ, то показатели гемоглобина могут быть в порядке, а концентрация ферритина понижена. Железодефицитный эритропоэз. Понижается уровень гемоглобина, причиной этому становится сниженная активность эритропоэза, при этом показатели гематокрита все также в пределах нормы. Железодефицитная анемия. Эритропоэз начинает работать очень медленно, причина тому – нехватка железа. Данной стадии характерный низкий уровень ферритина и трансферрина. Имеющееся заболевание активно развивается, приобретая развернутую стадию. Появляется головокружение, бледность, пропадает аппетит, а конечности на ощупь постоянно холодные. Чаще всего понижение концентрации ферритина наблюдают при железодефицитной и гемолитической анемии с внутрисосудистым гемолизом. Для людей страдающих хроническими почечными заболеваниями опасно, если уровень ферритина ниже 100 мкг/мл.
Без постоянного контроля врачей не обойтись. Поэтому не стоит устраивать эксперименты над своим здоровьем, тем более что лекарства содержащие железо дорогие, имеют массу противопоказаний и не приведут ни к чему хорошему. В самом лучшем случае больной добьется того, что получит переизбыток данного вещества, который может стать причиной хронической перегрузки организма железом либо привести к интоксикации.
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Часто задаваемые вопросы и ответы на них Вопрос: Как правильно сдавать кровь на проверку уровня ферритина?
Ответ: Исключительно натощак.
Вопрос: Когда врач должен отправить пациента на сдачу анализа крови, чтоб узнать соответствуют ли показатели ферритина норме?
Ответ: Врач моментально пишет направление на анализ, если у него есть подозрение на наличие у пациента гемохроматоза или какой-то опухоли. К тому же анализ необходим пациентам, страдающим от хронических воспалительных/инфекционных заболеваний, а также тем, кто имеет хроническую почечную недостаточность, чтоб постоянно контролировать уровень запаса данного элемента. Показанием к назначению анализа может стать подозрение на дефицит железа, либо же отсутствие положительных изменений спустя 5 дней лечения.
Вопрос: Характерные симптомы при пониженном уровне ферритина?
Ответ: Систематическая усталость, нервозность, бледность, частые поносы, нарушения менструального цикла с присущими ему обильными выделениями, человек долго идет на поправку даже после самых незначительных распространенных болезней (грипп, фарингит и пр.).
Вопрос: Какие симптомы характерны при переизбытке уровня ферритина?
Ответ: Сонливость, усталость, непонятная потеря веса, чувство тяжести в местах подреберья (из-за увеличения печени и селезенки), сниженный жизненный тонус. Также показателем может стать гипогонадизм (недостаток половых гормонов), гипотиреоз (дефицит гормонов щитовидной железы).
Вопрос: Что кроме болезней может влиять на уровень ферритина?
Ответ: Чрезмерное употребление алкоголя.
Вопрос: Кому нужно принимать препараты содержащие железо?
Ответ: Особы, которым установили его дефицит, беременные женщины, а также девушки, страдающие на анемию из-за неправильного питания либо большой потери крови за время менструации.
( 21 оценка, среднее 4 из 5 )
«Лоцерил» — это противогрибковый препарат
466
Пантовигар — это витаминный комплекс для укрепления
489
Что же из себя представляет браслет бяньши, какими
458
Кедровое масло славится своими полезными свойствами
369
Димексид — медицинское средство с противовоспалительными
649
Лаурилсульфат натрия — польза и вред, особенности
451
Описание и состав бадяги, насколько хорошо препарат
494
Использование лекарственных средств путем втираний
527
Полезная статья раньше и не задумывалась, о значимости ферритина в организме. Самое интересное, что стоит следить за его динамикой, и не допускать отхождений от нормы. Нужно обязательно сдать анализ на уровень ферритина, так как во время беременности у меня сильно понизился гемоглобин, было постоянное недомогание и усталость, чувство изнеможения. Действительно данная статья натолкнула мысль, стоит быть внимательнее к себе.